^ Telford SR III Wormser GP (March 2010)."Potential for tick-borne bartonellosis". ^ Angelakis E, Billeter SA, Breitschwerdt EB, Chomel BB, Raoult D (March 2010)." Bartonella quintana in a 4000-year-old human tooth". ^ Drancourt M, Tran-Hung L, Courtin J, Lumley H, Raoult D (2005)."Zoonoses dues aux bactéries du genre Bartonella: nouveaux réservoirs? nouveaux vecteurs?" (PDF). In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. nov., and To Remove the Family Bartonellaceae from the Order Rickettsiales". "Proposals To Unify the Genera Bartonella and Rochalimaea, with Descriptions of Bartonella quintana comb. ^ a b c d e f g h i "List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature".The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). elizabethae seropositivity rates in this population range from 12.5% in Los Angeles, to 33% in Baltimore, Maryland, 46% in New York City, and 39% in Sweden. Homeless intravenous drug users are at high risk for Bartonella infections, particularly B. henselae is generally resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, and nafcillin. Drugs of particular effectiveness include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin B. Immunocompromised patients should be treated with antibiotics because they are particularly susceptible to systemic disease and bacteremia. While Bartonella species are susceptible to a number of standard antibiotics in vitro - macrolides and tetracycline, for example - the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in immunocompetent individuals is uncertain. Treatment is dependent on which species or strain of Bartonella is found in a given patient. Bartonella pathophysiology in humansĬauses Carrion's disease (Oroya fever, Verruga peruana)Ĭauses trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, and endocarditisĬat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, endocarditis, bacteremia with fever, neuroretinitis, meningitis, encephalitis The course of the diseases (acute or chronic) and the underlying pathologies are highly variable. Pathophysiology īartonella infections are remarkable in the wide range of symptoms they can produce. a history of an animal scratch or bite is not necessary for disease transmission." All current Bartonella species identified in canines are human pathogens. Bartonella bacteria are associated with cat-scratch disease, but a study in 2010 concluded, "Clinicians should be aware that. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between tick exposure and bartonellosis, including human bartonellosis. Though some studies have found "no definitive evidence of transmission by a tick to a vertebrate host," Bartonella species are well-known to be transmissible to both animals and humans through various other vectors, such as fleas, lice, and sand flies. At this point, they simply wait until they are taken up with the erythrocytes by a blood-sucking arthropod. The bacteria then invade a phagosomal membrane inside the erythrocytes, where they multiply until they reach a critical population density. Every five days, some of the Bartonella bacteria in the endothelial cells are released into the blood stream, where they infect erythrocytes. Immediately after infection, the bacteria colonize a primary niche, the endothelial cells. The currently accepted model explaining the infection cycle holds that the transmitting vectors are blood-sucking arthropods and the reservoir hosts are mammals. The genus is named for Alberto Leonardo Barton Thompson (1871–October 26, 1950), a Peruvian scientist.
īartonella henselae is the organism responsible for cat scratch disease.īartonella species have been infecting humans for thousands of years, as demonstrated by Bartonella quintana DNA in a 4000-year-old tooth. At least eight Bartonella species or subspecies are known to infect humans. Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies, and mosquitoes. Facultative intracellular parasites, Bartonella species can infect healthy people, but are considered especially important as opportunistic pathogens. It is the only genus in the family Bartonellaceae. Rochalimaea (Macchiavello 1947) Krieg 1961īartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.Grahamella ( ex Brumpt 1911) Ristic and Kreier 1984.Gieszczykiewicz 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)
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